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Solutions for exercises "C" in September, 2001
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In this page only the sketch of the solutions are published;
in some cases only the final results. To achieve the maximum score in the
competition more detailed solutions needed.
C. 635. In an arithmetic class, pupils are asked
how many legs a hen, six dogs and seven palpigradis have in
total. (``Palpigradi'' is the Latin name of a certain animal). Alex
says 46, Ben says 52, Cecilia says 66, Dora says 78, and Edith says
82. Who is right?
Based on a problem of a Zrínyi Competition
Solution. If the number of legs of a palpigradi is x,
then the total number of legs is
2+6.4+7.x=7(x+3)+5. Thus the
remainder of the number of legs divided by 7 is 5. 82 is the only
number out of 46, 52, 66, 78 and 82 that leaves a remainder of 5 when
divided by 7, therefore only Edith can be right.
By solving the equation 2+6.4+7.x=82,
we also learn that a palpigradi has 8 legs.
C. 636. In the Cartesian coordinate system,
represent the set of points whose coordinates x and y
satisfy -2 x2, -3y3, {x}{y} ({z} denotes the difference between the
number z and the greatest integer less than or equal to
z.)
Solution. For points in the interior of the unit square, the
braces denoting fractional part can be omitted from the third
inequality, as the coordinates of the points are equal to their
fractional parts. Thus it is enough to find out which points have
coordinates that satisfy x y. Such points lie on and above the
line of equation y=x. The set contains the vertical
sides and the vertices of the unit square, where {x}=0; whereas
the interior points of the horizontal sides, where {y}=0, do
not belong to the set.
By also considering the first and second inequalities, the
following set is obtained. (The set consists of the green triangles,
segments and points, the red segments do not belong to the set.)
C. 637. Find the positive integer that has two
digits both in base 10 and in base 8, and for which the sum of the
digits is fourteen in both number systems.
Solution. Write down both forms of the number:
a.102+b.10+c=x.82+y.8+z.
From both sides, subtract the sum of the digits i.e. 14:
99a+9b=63x+7y.
Subtracting 63x,
99a+9b-63x=7y.
The left-hand side is now divisible by 9, therefore so is the
right- hand side. Hence the value of y is 9 or 0. But
base-eight notation has no figure of 9, thus the value of y is
0.
The condition x+y+z=14 now implies
x+z=14. As x and z are at most 7 and
their sum is 14, x and z are both equal to 7. Hence the
number in question is 707 in base-eight notation, which means 455 in
decimal notation.
C. 638. How many different square prisms are
possible in which the lengths of the edges in cm are integers and the
measure of the surface area in cm2 equals the measure of
the volume in cm3?
Solution. Let n denote the base edge of the
square-based prism, and let k denote its height. From the
equality of volume and surface area,
n2k=2n2+4nk.
Dividing by n, and rearranging:
nk-2n-4k=0.
With 8 added to both sides, the left-hand side can be factored:
(n-4)(k-2)=8.
The possible factorisations of 8 are 8.1,
4.2, 2.4, 1.8. Negative factors are
not allowed, as n-4>-4 and k-2>-2. This means
four solutions for (n,k): (12,3); (8,4); (6,6) és
(5,10). Therefore, the conditions are satisfied by four different
prisms.
C. 639. How many pairs (a;b) of
positive integers are there with 1a2001,
1b2001, where the lowest common
multiple of a and b is 2001?
Solution. The resolution of 2001 into prime factors is
3.23.29. Thus the prime factor resolutions of
the two numbers are
a=3k.23m.29n,
and
b=3p.23q.29r,
where all exponents can be 0 or 1.
The pairs (k,p), (m,q) and
(n,r) can be of three kinds: (0,1), (1,0) and (1,1).
(0,0) is not possible. The three pairs of exponents can be selected
independently of each other. For example, if the three pairs of
exponents are (0,1), (1,1) and (0,1), then the number pair
a=30.231.290,
b=31.231.291
is obtained.
Thus the number of possible number pairs (a,b) is
33=27.
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