Mathematical and Physical Journal
for High Schools
Issued by the MATFUND Foundation
 Already signed up? New to KöMaL?

# Problem I. 339. (January 2014)

I. 339. Prolog is a functional programming language, in which facts and logical statements can be formulated. These formulae may contain concrete data and unknown quantities. For example, one can simply declare which teacher has which lesson on which day and hour: tanít(kovács,fizika,szerda,4). In this example, tanít'' means teaches'', kovács'' is the teacher's name, fizika'' is physics and szerda'' is Wednesday. Words beginning with a lower-case letter in a formula represent facts, while words beginning with an upper-case letter are variables or unknowns. Unknowns in the statements get values when the program is executed. Execution begins with checking the truth of a statement called the target statement. Suppose, for example, that the target statement is tanít(Ki,Mit,szerda,4). (Here Ki'' is Who'' and Mit'' is What subject''.) Then Prolog would evaluate this formula as true by replacing the unknowns by the values and . You can learn more about Prolog (in Hungarian) by reading the book Prologban programozni könnyű by Zsuzsanna Márkusz.

The Personal Edition of Visual Prolog is a freely downloadable Prolog environment suitable for learning the language. In its PIE project you can simply formulate your statements. You can have more information on Visual Prolog by visiting the http://www.visual-prolog.com site and reading the Fundamental Visual Prolog #1 and #2 online materials.

Lists also exist in Prolog, and the common list operations as usual in other functional languages can be performed on them. With the help of lists, more information can be put into a factual statement. The following list contains some basic data for the present exercise, showing the number of points (5'' in the first example below; pont'' is point(s)'') a given contestant (kiss_tamás'') was awarded for a particular problem (problem 330'') in a KöMaL contest (type i'' in the first example):

pont( [kiss_tamás,i,330,5], [benedek_andrea,b,4500,0], ...,[kiss_tamás,i,340,10] ).

Based on this list, answer each of the following questions by creating a Prolog formula with the given name and parameter(s).

1. How many contestants (= DB'') submitted (= beküld'') the solution of problem I. 330 - beküld_i330(DB)?

2. How many (= hány'') solutions with more than 0 points (= nemnulla'') were submitted altogether in the contest type P -hány_nemnulla(P,DB)?

3. How many points (= pont'') did each contestant (= V, versenyző'') get for problem B. 4500. - pontok_b4500(V,Pont)?

4. Who (= kik'') are the contestants of contest type C (the result is a list (= Lista'') of names with each name occurring only once) - kik_c(Lista)?

5. In which contest type (= P, pontverseny'') and for which task (= F, feladat'') did the contestants get the smallest number of points altogether, and how many points - legkevesebb(P,F,Pont)?

You should submit your Prolog source i339.pro that can be executed in the PIE system.

(10 pont)

Deadline expired on February 10, 2014.

Sorry, the solution is available only in Hungarian. Google translation

A feladat megoldását a következő állomány tartalmazza: i339mo.pro.

### Statistics:

 1 student sent a solution. 10 points: Kiss 107 Ádám.

Problems in Information Technology of KöMaL, January 2014