Editor
We ask every contestant to read this document carefully, even if you participated in our contest last year.
This year we announce contests in mathematics, physics and informatics, altogether in 20 categories with different difficulties. Each contest lasts for 9 months, from September 2025 until the beginning of June 2026; new problems are posted inevery month from September to May, and solutions can be submitted before early next month. An Award Ceremony will take place next fall during our annual KöMaL Youth Conference.
Our primary goal with the competitions is to arouse and increase interest in the above subjects, and provide the competitors an opportunity to develop their independent thinking, problem-solving, and expand their knowledge and skills. We provide an opportunity for everyone to compare their performance with that of other competitors in an environment appropriate to their interests, age group, and enthusiasm. For all these reasons, we consider it important to preserve fairness of the competition.
Participation in our contests in 2025–2026 is again free of charge. However, you can support KöMaL by subscribing to our journal as an individual or as an institution. Monetary donations are also gratefully accepted.
Every elementary and high-school student is eligible to participate in the contests.
However, according to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union, we need to have a parental consent to handle data for contestants under 16 years. Our data and information policy can be found at https://www.komal.hu/info/adatkezeles.h.shtml.
If you are younger than 16, your name will not be shown in the results, until your parents' permission arrives.
If this is your first time participating in a KöMaL contest, please register on our website. Here you will need to enter your name, date of birth, your school's name and grade. Your login password will be sent to you in email.
After a successful registration, you can provide us some further data (e.g. your teacher's name, or your address of correspondence to receive certificates), and you can also let us know whether or not we can make (i) your detailed scores or (ii) your participation in a specific contest publicly available.
If you have already registered in a previous year, no new registration is necessary. You can use your existing password, but you will still need to review and update your personal settings.
You formally enter a particular contest when we receive your first submission in that category.
It is also possible to enter a contest only later during the school year.
Important! We will not consider submissions without prior registration in the contest. You must register first.
Each participant in the KöMaL contest has a grade number between 1 and 12 (which may differ from their grade in school). A 12th-grade contestant is someone who has just started their last school year before the matriculation examination; 11th- or 10th-grade contestants are expected to finish their secondary education in 2027 or 2028, respectively.
After a successful registration you cannot modify your personal data (name, school's name, grade, email) by yourself. To change any of these, you need to contact us by email.
You should not repeat a successful registration. Multiple registrations will always cause problems (e.g. your name appearing twice in the contest but with half points).
If you wish your portrait to be included in the online results of a contest, please send us a photo by email. Light and uniform backgrounds are preferred. Use sufficiently high resolution because we often need to resize or crop images.
mathematics
There are four different contest types in mathematics. They are, in increasing difficulty, type K, C, B and A problems. A student may participate in more than one contest type, however, types K and B cannot be chosen simultaneously. Contestants of grade 9 should declare which contest type K or B they would like to choose (in your personal settings on our webpages).
As a general rule, for every participant we only evaluate one solution to each problem.
We of course welcome problem generalizations, different solution techniques, observations, or new problems to propose. We often publish these or acknowledge them by special awards (not related to the contest). If you, as a contestant, have a problem suggestion, please upload it to the Electronic Workbook (similarly to your regular solutions), otherwise you cannot award points for your own proposed problem.
This contest can be chosen exclusively by students of grade 9. We recommend this contest type for students who are not yet familiar with KöMaL. In each of the 9 months from September to May, we post 5 problems; 3 of which from Septermber to March also appear in the ABACUS contest. Each problem is worth 5 points.
Primary school students of grades 3–8 can participate in the ABACUS contest as usual.
We recommend type C exercises for those who find type B or A problems too difficult or unusual. Type C exercises are quite similar to (or just slightly more difficult than) problems appearing in a standard mathematics curriculum. We recommend this category to you if you plan to take an advanced-level matriculation exam in mathematics. The first 2 problems of a type C contest are identical to the last 2 problems of a type K contest; these problems are denoted by the code K/C. Your points for these exercises will be counted in both contests. In a type K contest, only students in grade 9 or in language preparatory programmes can participate. They, however, can participate in a type C contest as well (where they will compete with students in grade 10).
Certain type C exercises can be solved by primary-school students as well, however, some other exercises contain material taught only in grades 11–12. We post 7 problems in each month, and each problem is worth at most 5 points. Students of grade at most 10 can submit solutions to Problems 1–5, while students of grade 11–12 can submit solutions to Problems 3–7.
Type C exercises are evaluated for four age groups: for grades 5–8, 9, 10, and 11–12.
In type B contest, there are 8 new problems in each month. However, only at most six of your solutions will be taken into account in the contest in any month, and disqualified solutions (see below for a definition), if any, are taken into account first. Therefore you can make good progress in the contest without solving all 8 problems by selecting and focusing on your favorite topics.
The ordering of the problems within each problem set corresponds to the school curriculum: easier problems – recommended for younger contestants – are listed first. Points for a problem (usually between 3 and 6) also indicate difficulty.
Type B problems are evaluated for five age groups: for grades 1–8, for grades 9, 10, 11, and 12.
Type A problems are more challenging, and recommended for students preparing for international competitions or planning to become researchers.
There are 2 or 3 new problems in each month, each is worth at most 7 points. There are no separate age groups for type A problems, everybody competes together.
There are three different contests in physics: types M, G and P. A student may participate in more than one type of contest, however, types G and P cannot be chosen simultaneously. Contestants of grade 10 or less should declare which type G or P they choose (see your personal settings on our webpages).
We welcome problem generalizations, different solution techniques, observations, or new problems to propose. We often publish these or acknowledge them by special awards (not related to the contest). If you, as a contestant, has a problem suggestion, please upload it to the Electronic Workbook (similarly to your regular solutions), otherwise you cannot award points for your proposed problem.
In each month, a measurement problem is posted. This can be submitted by a contestant of any age. Each M problem is worth 6 points.
When carrying out an experiment as an individual contestant, one can ask someone (a family member, classmate, or a friend) for assistance. Both the contestant's and the assistant's data should appear in the header of the documentation of the experiment. In this competition, it is also allowed for two contestants to cooperate and carry out an experiment together. To do so, after the individual registrations, you must also register as a team. Members of the pair can have different grades or even schools. Individual contestants and teams participate in the same contest. Anyone who is part of a team cannot participate in a type M contest as an individual contestant.
Type G problems are for students of grade 10 or below. These problems are recommended for contestants who find type P problems too difficult or unusual. Most type G exercises are similar to problems appearing in a regular curriculum, so here one can make good progress without advanced problem-solving skills. If you can handle type G problems confidently, then you are probably prepared to face type P problems.
In each month, 4 type G problems are posted together with their maximum points. You can freely choose which problems to solve, but only at most three of your solutions will be taken into account in the contest in any month, and disqualified solutions (see below for a definition), if any, are taken into account first. Type G problems are evaluated for three age groups: for grades below 9, for grades 9, and 10.
In every month, 8 (sometimes 9) theoretical problems are posted together with the maximum obtainable points for each. These problems are not arranged in order of difficulty, rather, in an order corresponding to students' ages. You can freely select any problem to solve. If you are in grade 1–8, then at most 3 solutions will be taken into account in the contest, while if you are in grade 9–12, then at most 4 solutions will be counted. In any case, disqualified solutions (see below for a definition), if any, are taken into account first.
Type P problems are evaluated for 5 age groups: for grades below 9, for grades 9, 10, 11, and 12.
informatics
In each month we post 4 type I problems. Some of these problems can be solved by primary school students, but most of them assume familiarity with concepts typically taught in secondary schools. By solving these problems you can prepare for other contests in informatics or for taking an advanced-level matriculation exam.
Type I problems are programming exercises and problems about the application of informatics. One of the problems is similar to a matriculation exam problem (regarding content and format), and is denoted by the symbol (É). These problems are recommended for students preparing for this type of exam.
problems and exercises
New problems are posted monthly from September until May in the printed journal issues and on our webpages.
On our webpages, the new problems appear on the 28th of every month (except for September). However, if you have subscribed to our journal, you can access the new problems from the day following the deadline for the previous issue. If you have subscribed to KöMaL, enter your subscription code in your personal settings on our webpages. The subscription code is located on a label on the front page of the September issue.
Even if you are not participating in a contest (for example, due to your age), you can still have access to the new problems after a successful registration and entering your subscription code.
One subscription code can only be used by a single person.
Please have a look at some sample solutions in our earlier issues or on our website. They indicate the required format and expected level of detail for your submissions.
When you write down your solution to a problem, the reader should be able to follow each of your steps easily. Try to be as concise as possible by carefully formulating your solution steps. This may take a long time, so do not postpone it to the last minute.
You will obtain the maximum score only for a full solution; the final result alone is insufficient. You need to prove your propositions in general. You can however freely use theorems that appear in your standard curriculum by citing only the name of the theorem (and without giving explicit references or a proof). You can refer to well-known theorems (e.g. Menelaus's theorem or Hölder's inequality) only by their names, in other cases you need to state the theorem properly and cite a reference (book title and page number, or internet address). When you cite a theorem, you should also show why this particular theorem is applicable in your case, and how exactly the theorem is used in your proof.
From time to time it turns out that a posted ''new'' problem (or its equivalent form or generalization) has already been solved and published elsewhere. We prefer that your problem-solving skills improve rather than only use search engines. Hence no points will be awarded if your solution only contains a link or reference, or only shows that the new problem is a special case or corollary of a theorem published elsewhere; your submission should contain the detailed solution steps.
In any case, when you cite something by consulting articles, books or the internet, your submission should explicitly list all the references or sources you used.
In the case of physics problems, the wording of the problem may not contain all data required for the solution. The values of some material constants or some geographical or astronomical quantities can be looked up in printed charts or on the internet.
It is always a good idea to decompose a more complicated solution into some simpler steps by using paragraphs, titles or subtitles. Auxiliary lemmas, formulae or figures are easier to refer to if you number them.
For geometry problems, it is important to include figures so that one can follow and check your solution steps. Always draw a figure; without a proper one you will not obtain full score. For more complicated figures, you should also provide a description (e.g. let point \(\displaystyle P\) be the reflection of the point \(\displaystyle P\) through the line \(\displaystyle e\)"). Use sufficiently high resolution when submitting your work electronically. The dimensions of a typical figure can be between 500 and 1000 pixels; it should clearly show each important detail, and possibly fit on a screen.
As a solution of a mathematics problem calculated results with computer programs – including online services such as Wolfram Alpha – are not considered. Similarly, it will not be accepted if you examine too many separate cases (e.g. 30 or more): typically one can significantly reduce the number of cases to be considered by analyzing the problem more carefully.
The experiment documentation ("laboratory notebook") should contain the principle used in the actual measurement, a draft (or photo) of the equipment arrangement, a sufficient number of data points with sufficient precision (in a table, together with the proper units), a graph visualizing the measured data, and an estimate for the order of magnitude of the measurement errors. Do not use excessively many digits when displaying measured or computed quantities: the output precision should be based on the error estimates as well. The experiment documentation should be concise, but should contain enough details so that anyone can reproduce your experiment. If you have too many data points (e.g. more than 50), it is enough to list only the most typical ones and the average of the rest. If your documentation is more than 6 pages long, you should include a half-page conclusion as well.
The solution for a type I problem should be submitted in one of the languages Basic, C, C++, C#, Java, Pascal or Python. You can use any integrated development environment, we reccomend the following:
For type I problems about applications of informatics we reccomend the following: infoemeltszoftverlista2020maj.pdf Otherwise, our problem description will contain any further applications that you can use (most of which are freely available software.
You cannot submit your solutions in email.
For problems in mathematics or physics, you can use our online editor on our website or upload a pdf file.
A submission will be disqualified if a file contains solutions to more than one problem or is not neat enough to read. A submission will also be disqualified if instead of mathematical formulae it contains strings like (1+root5)/2*x or x2+((1+5+2sqrt(5)x2)/4, which are hard to interpret.
The Electronic Workbook is part of our website to directly input or edit your solutions. You can modify your solutions any time before the submission deadline.
Mathematical formulae can be entered by using the TeX system. If you are not familiar with TeX, we recommend you take our short TeX course.
If you prepare your solution on a computer, you can upload the complete file on our website. In the case of mathematics or physics problems, please use PDF format for compatibility.
Handwritten solutions should be written on a white sheet of paper (please do not use grid papers or ruled papers), then it should be uploaded to the Electronic Workbook as a single, good quality PDF file.
Make sure that the image is legible, do not use a resolution that is either too high or too low. If you are taking photos, take several shots in natural (scattered) light, and upload the best one. Rotate the image in portrait layout, crop the edges to keep the actual solution only, and resize.
There are several programs and telephone apps for manipulating images. Our tip is CamScanner, which is easy to use for creating a single appropriate pdf file.
You can submit your solutions in informatics only through the Electronic Workbook on the KöMaL webpages. If your submission has more than one file, you should create a single folder containing all your files and the documentation. The folder name should be the same as the problem number. Then you should compress this folder and submit it as a single ZIP file. Executable files (e.g. any .exe file created during the development phase) should not be included in the final compressed file.
In the programming problems, the first lines of the source code should contain the following as a comment:
Please note that it is necessary for the inputs and outputs of your solutions to have the appropriate format as specified by the problem description, since your code will be run on various test problems generally in an automated way.
Any queries or issues regarding the problems and solutions in informatics can be sent to .
The submission deadline for mathematics is the 10th day, while for physics and informatics it is the 15th day of the month following the publication of the journal issue. If the 10th or 15th falls on a weekend or on a public holiday, the deadline is the next workday. Please submit your work in time because a few hours before the deadline our servers usually become busy and slower, and internet problems can sometimes also occur. Late submissions will not be accepted.
The actual status of the contest and the detailed results of the contestants are found on our web page and updated regularly. We also notify our contestants in email about their actual number of points.
After your solutions have been submitted and evaluated, you can send a short message or query to the person who marked your solution; this communication takes place within the Electronic Workbook. Solutions to different problems are evaluated by different people, so your query should address only the actual problem.
Use appropriate tone and style that is similar to a face-to-face communication with a teacher or parent.
If you feel that your issue cannot be resolved this way, you can contact the editors. Please send an email to style="max-height:30px;" within two weeks.
Important! The KöMaL Contest problems (except possibly for the ''Type M experimental problems in physics'', see above) are to be solved individually and not in teams. You must work out the solutions on your own. Before the submission deadline, you must not discuss these problems with anyone else, and you must not ask for or accept any hints. Solutions prepared by a team or plagiarized work will be disqualified, including that of the original author. These "solutions" are returned to the corresponding teacher in your school. In more severe cases jeopardizing the contest (e.g. when a problem is discussed in on-line forums), the affected participants will be disqualified from the contest.
Ilyen megvitatásnak, illetve segítség igénybevételének minősül mesterséges intelligencia (MI) igénybevétele is a feladat megoldásához, beleértve a keresőprogramokba beépített MI-t is! A megoldásnak teljes egészében a versenyző munkájának kell lennie, az (esetleges) ábrákat és megfogalmazást is neki kell készítenie. A közösen készített vagy másolt dolgozatokat – beleértve az eredeti szerzőét is – nem versenyszerűnek minősítjük. Pontot nem adunk rá, viszont beküldött dolgozatnak számít. Egy csapat tagjai egymással megbeszélhetik, megvitathatják az adott verseny feladatait, majd minden feladatra egy (közös) megoldást adhatnak be. A csoportosan másolt dolgozatokat visszaküldjük az osztályt tanító tanárnak. Súlyosabb, az egész pontversenyt veszélyeztető esetekben (pl. a feladatok megtárgyalása internetes fórumokon) az érintett versenyzőket kizárjuk a versenyből. A dolgozatoknak – mint korábban is írtuk – nem csak tartalmilag, hanem formailag is megfelelőeknek kell lenniük.
A versenyzés szellemével ellentétes mások munkáinak egy az egyben történő felhasználása, ezért nem fogadjuk el a mesterséges intelligencia segítségével előállított megoldásokat! Ezek használata feleslegessé teszi az önálló gondolkodást és kreativitást, amelynek fejlesztése pedig a verseny célja. Az ilyen megoldások sok esetben elbonyolított és hibás gondolatmeneteket tartalmaznak, így az értékelés során olyan versenyzők munkái is hasonlóságot mutatnak, akik egymástól távol élnek. Az ilyen munkákat is nem versenyszerűnek értékeljük, hiszen a megoldásuk nem önálló, hanem ugyanarra a külső forrásra támaszkodik.
Az olvashatatlan, áttekinthetetlen, értékelhetetlen dolgozatokat nem értékelhetőnek minősítjük, akár kusza írás, akár a fényképezés, képbeállítás okozza az olvashatatlanságot. Az ilyen dolgozatot be nem küldöttnek tekintjük.
Az egyéb formai hibák plusz munkát adnak a javítóknak, így ezek miatt pontokat vonunk le. Tipikusan ilyen hibák:
Minden ilyen hibáért 1-1 pontot vonunk le az adott megoldással egyébként szerzett pontokból, tehát egy feladatnál akár többet is – például két oldalnyi megoldás, durván kockás lapra írva és két jpg file-ban beküldve 3 pont levonást eredményez –, de legfeljebb annyit, amennyit egyébként ért volna a megoldás.
Final results will be published after all submissions have been evaluated. We expect to publish the results on our webpages in August, and in the printed journal in September 2025. Portraits of the most successful contestants will be included in the December 2025 issue of the journal. The MATFUND Hungarian High School Mathematics and Physics Foundation will provide awards to the best students at the annual KöMaL Conference in 2025. Certificates will be sent via regular post.
By participating in our contest, you give your consent that we may publish your solution anonymously, or an edited version of it with your name.
The editors welcome new and interesting problems to propose, articles, or reports on math circle activities or stimulating school coursework. For problem suggestions please also include your solution. You can contact us via post or visit the Editorial Office in person. Students whose problem suggestions have been accepted will often be acknowledged by special awards at the end of the school year. If you, as a contestant, has a problem suggestion, please upload it to the Electronic Workbook (similarly to your regular solutions), otherwise you cannot award points for your own proposed problem.
As already remarked above, we encourage you to discuss the problems further, after the submission deadline, for example, in the KöMaL Forum on our webpages. We sometimes publish comments or problem generalizations in our journal as well.
We wish you a challenging and successful KöMaL contest for this school year.
The Editors
